It is an international initiative to draw attention to the global economic benefits of biodiversity. Our key findings s pecies are the building blocks of our ecosystems and we regard them as the basic measure of how nature is faring in the uk. A diagnostic account should provide regular information on all the important parts of an. A novel system to tackle the problem may also identify key factors behind the changes. South africa, national parks were used as a reference for the biodiversity intactness index. Scotland takes you on a trip around eight main habitats of scotland, highlighting some of the pressures on wildlife and giving numerous examples of how governments, nongovernmental organisations ngos, the private sector and the public are working together to bring back nature. New research published in the journal science and included in the state of nature report reveals that the uk has lost significantly more nature over the long term than the global average. Featured the status of human footprint in alberta alberta biodiversity monitoring institute annual report 201819 abmi essentials. Bii is designed for use with data from a wide range of taxa and. Reyers2 1 csir environmentek, pretoria, south africa. Assessing biodiversity intactness at multiple scales r.
Here, we propose a biodiversity intactness index bii for. Due to its diversity of freshwater and marine ecosystems, the united states ranks particularly high in terms of fish species, while venezuela is one of the worlds most biodiverse countries when. State of nature 2016 bristol natural history consortium. The millennium ecosystem assessment assessed the consequences of ecosystem change for human wellbeing. The biodiversity intactness index bii aubry and elliott 2006. Our planets diverse, thriving ecosystems may seem like permanent fixtures, but theyre actually vulnerable to collapse. Scholes and biggs 2005 the index calculates the impacts of a set of activities on a group of organisms by using relative changes in species richness. In the second lecture of the series biodiversity in the age of humans, dr.
Dr hayley clements has received the jennifer ward oppenheimer research grant to develop a research program aimed at quantifying a biodiversity intactness index for africa, through an africawide collaboration of biodiversity experts. The community abundance and compositional similarity model coefficients were multiplied to produce the abundancebased biodiversity intactness index bii, our biodiversity intactness metric. Reporting of intactness can occur hierarchically at any level, using the same speciesspeci. Scientists are concerned with detail, reliability, replicability. Condition and trends of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Its objective is to highlight the growing cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable. The biodiversity intactness index bii has been proposed as one measure for assessing the impact of different land uses on a broad range of taxa scholes and biggs 2005 the index represents the.
They say their method will help in determining progress towards the internationally agreed target of significantly reducing biodiversity loss by 2010. Biodiversity accounts and indices preliminary draft. An index describing the population trends of species of special conservation concern in the uk has. The biodiversity intactness index bii is an indicator of the average. This document summarizes all terrestrial protocols, including an overview of. Green1,2 and andrew balmford1 1conservation science group, department of zoology, university of cambridge, downing street, cambridge cb2 3ej, uk, 2rspb centre for conservation science, the lodge, sandy, bedfordshire sg19 2dl, uk, the biodiversity intactness index bii is a highprofile metric of an areas. The question of how many different species exist in a particular environment is central to the understanding of why it is important to promote and preserve species diversity. The research will further explore where and how biodiversity loss links to human wellbeing, promoting. The ecological quality is measured by an intactness or robustness score, in a range. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity teeb was a study led by pavan sukhdev from 2007 to 2011. Version 20121204 1 alberta biodiversity monitoring institute. From 2001 to 2005, the ma involved the work of more than 1,360 experts worldwide.
The biodiversity intactness index measures the average abundance of wild species relative to that in premodern times. We have updated the measures we presented in the first state of nature report in 20, and in many cases have been able to bring in new datasets and improve the underlying data measuring trends of individual species. On the refinement of biodiversity models and estimates of the biodiversity intactness index bii. Few biodiversity indicators are available that reflect broadsense biodiversity rather than particular taxa at fine spatial and temporal resolution. In this report, we take an indepth look at the status and trend of human footprint throughout alberta, and broken down by natural region and landuse framework planning region. Pdf the biodiversity intactness index may underestimate. Changes in the biodiversity intactness index in tropical. It also includes the indices abmi has developed to assess the intactness or deviation from reference condition for species, groups of species, and habitat features. To estimate how the spatial patterns of forest change have affected biodiversity intactness, we used the layers of tree cover, loss, and gain during 2000. This 30 minute video lists human activities and their threats to biodiversity. Zipped ascii file of data used in figure s4 of newbold et al. Part of the biodiversity counts curriculum collection. The bii indicates losses of biodiversity between 17. The biodiversity intactness index bii, which estimates the average abundance of a diverse set of organisms in a given area relative to their reference populations, was proposed in 2005 in.
Eu community of practice finance and biodiversity minutes. Global maps of biodiversity intactness index sanchezortiz et al. We estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystemsbeyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58. Bob scholes and oonsie biggs of south africas council for scientific and industrial research published their biodiversity intactness index last week in nature. The abmi terrestrial data are collected for a wide variety habitats and species. Accessible explanation of the abmi biodiversity intactness index, including rationale, calculation, and use.
The local biodiversity intactness index is based on a purposebuilt global database of local biodiversity surveys combined with high resolution global landuse data. Msc fellowship on quantifying africas biodiversity. A biodiversity intactness index potsdam institute for climate impact. Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with globio. Manual for estimating species and habitat intactness at. Download full publication view current publication. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes especially grassland biomes, most biodiversity hotspots, and even some wilderness areas is inferred to be beyond the boundary. Measuring loss of biodiversity the expert way scidev. Global map of the biodiversity intactness index, from.
Jungles can become deserts, and reefs can become lifeless rocks. The biodiversity intactness index bii reports how the average abundance of native terrestrial species in a region compares with their abundances before pronounced human impacts. How to calculate a biodiversity index main content. Such widespread transgression of safe limits suggests that biodiversity loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward longterm sustainable development. The biodiversity intactness index bii estimates, as a percentage, the. Species not native to an area or not found in the natural habitat of an area will have no effect on the biodiversity intactness index they are intentionally excluded from the index. Request pdf biodiversity an index of intactness the nations of the world have set themselves a target of reducing the rate of biodiversity. New biodiversity intactness index shows uk is one of most naturedepleted countries in world. Here, we propose a biodiversity intactness index bii for assessing progress towards this target that is simple and practicalbut sensitive to important factors that in. The subsequent group of indices all relate to the biodiversity intactness index bii. How to value biodiversity in environmental management. The biodiversity intactness index bii, a broad based biodiversity indicator, was used to assess the biodiversity implications of transforming available land to biofuels.
State of nature 2016 british trust for ornithology. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. These included composite measures such as the biodiversity intactness index in. The biodiversity intactness index may underestimate losses philip a. Biodiversity is itself a powerful indicator of a healthy and functioning ecosystem. Recently bii was mapped at a global scale by newbold et al and consequently.
A uniform population of a single species of plants adapted to a. The approach uses existing biome or vegetationtype classi. Global maps of biodiversity intactness for the year 2005 abundancebased bii and richnessbased bii. The biodiversity intactness index bii indicates the average abundance of a large, taxonomically, and ecologically diverse set of naturallyoccurring species in a terrestrial area, relative to a baseline with minimal human impacts. Biodiversity research and science development methodology development, standards and protocols data analysis. Interlinkages between the european biodiversity indicators. Biodiversity an index of intactness request pdf researchgate. The biodiversity intactness index may underestimate losses. Frontiers measuring forest biodiversity status and.
This data is important because if biodiversity loss goes unchecked, it will undermine efforts toward longterm sustainable development. These results do not account for species that may have appeared in a given habitat over recent years. Pdf the nations of the world have set themselves a target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. In this document, baselines are applied as indicator baselines. Andrew cabrinovic, miranda lowe, kenneth johnson, natalina bonassera, mia williams, charles sheppard. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of different landscapes, materials, colours and textures. The index provides estimates of human impacts on the intactness of local biodiversity worldwide, and how this may change over time.
Assessing biodiversity intactness at multiple scales. The top 10 most biodiverse countries conservation news. Safma regional, irreplaceability in the portugal assess ment, conservation. Mace the global community is committed to reducing the rate of loss of biodiversity, but how can progress be measured. France as a preparatory document for the leap technical advisory group. The nations of the world have set themselves a target of reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity wikipedia. Cpb background document biodiversity in dutch cba practice. How biodiversity accounts may be used to set policy targets for biodiversity and be an important element in biodiversity policy.
Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the. Biodiversity in the dutch practice of costbenefit analysis cpb. Pdf getting the biodiversity intactness index right. Below, we describe how to derive reference conditions and calculate the intactness index. For this scenario analysis, we have introduced several new or updated model features to the globio version as described by alkemade et al. The variable plotted, biodiversity intactness index, is the modeled average abundance of originallypresent species, relative to their abundance in an intact ecosystem. Here, we propose a biodiversity intactness index bii for assessing progress towards this. An assessment of the potential biodiversity impacts from.
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